]
[Footnote 9: Horace _Od_. i. 2. After a bad flood in A.D. 15 proposals
were made for diverting a part of the water coming down the Tiber into
the Arnus, but this met with fatal opposition from the superstition
of the country people (Tacitus, _Ann_. i. 79). Nissen, _Italische
Landeskunde_, i. p. 324, has collected the records of these floods.]
[Footnote 10: See Nissen, i. p. 407. But it seems likely that the
Tiber valley was less malarious then than now (see Nissen's chapter on
malaria in Italy, p. 410 foll.). In an interesting paper on _Malaria
and History_, by Mr. W.H.S. Jones (Liverpool University Press), which
reached me after this chapter was written, the author is inclined to
attribute the ethical and physical degeneracy of the Romans of the
Empire partly to this cause.]
[Footnote 11: Livy v. 54.]
[Footnote 12: Horace, _Epode_ 16.]
[Footnote 13: _Reden und Aufsaetze_, p. 173 foll.]
[Footnote 14: _Ib._ p. 175.]
[Footnote 15: _De Rep_. ii. 5 and 6.]
[Footnote 16: Beloch, _Die Bewoelkerung der griechisch-roemischen Welt_,
cap.
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